What is Influenza?

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an acute respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus. It is highly contagious and tends to peak during the autumn and winter seasons. It poses a significant risk to the elderly, children, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Symptoms of Influenza

The symptoms of influenza are generally more severe than those of a common cold and include:

  1. Fever: Usually above 38°C, often accompanied by chills.
  2. Cough and Sore Throat: A persistent cough may last for weeks.
  3. Muscle Aches: Body fatigue and weakness are common.
  4. Headache: Often associated with pain around the eye sockets.
  5. Runny Nose or Nasal Congestion: Similar to a common cold but with more acute onset.

Transmission of Influenza

The influenza virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets and can also be contracted by touching contaminated surfaces. This highlights the importance of hand hygiene and avoiding contact with infected individuals.

How to Prevent Influenza

  1. Get Vaccinated: Receiving an annual flu shot is the most effective prevention method, especially for high-risk groups such as pregnant women, the elderly, and healthcare workers.
  2. Maintain Good Hygiene: Wash hands frequently and cover your mouth and nose with your elbow when coughing or sneezing.
  3. Avoid Close Contact with Sick Individuals: Minimize time spent in crowded places, particularly during flu season.
  4. Boost Immunity: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help strengthen the immune system.

Treatment for Influenza

The treatment of influenza primarily focuses on relieving symptoms. Common approaches include:

  1. Rest and Hydration: Allow your body to recover and avoid dehydration.
  2. Symptomatic Relief: Use fever-reducing medications such as acetaminophen to alleviate fever and pain. Avoid aspirin for children to prevent Reye's syndrome.
  3. Antiviral Drugs: Antiviral medications like oseltamivir can reduce the severity of symptoms and shorten the duration of the illness if taken within 48 hours of symptom onset.

Difference Between Influenza and the Common Cold

While influenza and the common cold share similar symptoms, influenza tends to be more severe and carries a higher risk of complications, such as pneumonia and otitis media.

Conclusion

Influenza should not be underestimated, but it can be effectively prevented and treated. Through vaccination, maintaining good lifestyle habits, and seeking medical attention promptly, we can minimize the impact of influenza on our daily lives.