First, there are many kinds of fruits.
As a delicious gift given to us by nature, fruits are rich and varied, adding countless colors and flavors to our lives.
(1) Classification by fruit type
Fruit contains drupes, such as peaches and apricots, with hard drupes and juicy pulp. The kernel fruits are represented by apples and pears, and there are several seed chambers composed of thin walls in the center of the fruit. Berry fruits, such as grapes and strawberries, are usually succulent and have small and numerous seeds. Citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit, have thick exocarp and loose mesocarp, and the endocarp is divided into several capsules. Nuts, such as walnuts and almonds, have a hard skin and contain a seed.
All kinds of fruits have their unique taste and nutritional value, which meet the taste needs of different people.
(2) Classification by region and cultivation climate
Tropical fruits thrive in warm and humid climate, such as mango, banana and pineapple. These fruits usually have rich aroma and sweet taste, and are rich in vitamins and minerals.
Subtropical fruits, such as citrus and loquat, adapt to warmer climate, have moderate sweet and sour taste and rich nutrition.
Temperate fruits, including apples and grapes, grow in four distinct climatic conditions and have high quality and taste.
(three) according to the classification of traditional Chinese medicine attributes
Cold fruits, such as watermelons and pears, have the functions of clearing away heat, reducing fire, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, and are suitable for people with hot constitution. But excessive consumption may lead to spleen and stomach deficiency and cold.
Warm fruits, such as litchi and longan, have the effects of warming the middle and dispelling cold, tonifying yang and helping fire, and are suitable for people with cold constitution. But eating too much is easy to get angry.
Sweet fruits, such as grapes and papaya, are mild in nature, suitable for most people to eat, and have the functions of nourishing the body and harmonizing qi and blood.
(4) Classification by function
Some fruits have the function of lowering blood pressure. For example, bananas are rich in potassium, which helps to regulate blood pressure.
Fruits rich in folic acid, such as strawberries and kiwifruit, are very important for the health of pregnant women and fetuses.
Blueberries, pomegranates and other fruits have the effect of delaying aging, are rich in antioxidants and can resist the damage of free radicals.
Apples, oranges and other fruits are helpful in slimming, rich in dietary fiber and increase satiety.
Fruits for skin care, such as lemons and cherries, are rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, which can make the skin smoother and more delicate.
Fruits with high carotene content, such as mangoes and apricots, are good for eyes and have the function of improving eyesight.
Some ingredients in fruits have anti-cancer effects, such as broccoli and strawberries, which can reduce the risk of cancer.
Fruits such as apples and hawthorn help to lower cholesterol and maintain cardiovascular health.
Second, the nutritional value of fruit is rich.
Fruit is not only delicious, but also rich in various nutrients, which plays an important role in human health.
(1) Main nutritional components
Oranges, for example, are rich in vitamin C, which can enhance immunity and promote the synthesis of collagen. Strawberry is rich in folic acid, which is very important for cell division and growth. Bananas are rich in potassium, which helps to maintain the normal function of the heart and muscles.
Different fruits also contain various trace elements, such as iron, zinc and magnesium, which play an important role in regulating human physiological functions.
(2) Influencing factors of nutritional components
The content of vitamin C in fruits is influenced by many factors. Paper bags can reduce the loss of vitamin C, because it can block light and air. Cold storage can prolong the fresh-keeping period of fruits to a certain extent, but it will also lead to the gradual decline of vitamin C content. The longer the storage time, the lower the vitamin C content.
In addition, the maturity, planting methods, transportation and storage conditions of fruits will also affect their nutritional content.
(III) Main efficacy
Lowering blood pressure: Potassium in bananas, oranges and other fruits helps to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
Folic acid supplement: For pregnant women, folic acid in fruits such as strawberries and kiwifruit can prevent fetal neural tube malformation.
Slow down aging: Antioxidants in fruits such as blueberry and pomegranate can neutralize free radicals, reduce cell damage and delay the aging process.
Weight loss: Dietary fiber in apples, oranges and other fruits can increase satiety, reduce calorie intake and help control weight.
Skin care: Vitamin C and antioxidants in fruits such as lemon and cherry can promote the synthesis of collagen and make skin smoother and more delicate.
Eyesight: Carotene in mango, apricot and other fruits can be converted into vitamin A, which is beneficial to the health of eyes.
Anti-cancer: The ingredients in fruits such as broccoli and strawberries have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can reduce the risk of cancer.
Lowering cholesterol: Pectin and other ingredients in apples, hawthorn and other fruits can lower the cholesterol level in the blood and maintain cardiovascular health.
Third, there are various ways to eat fruits correctly.
In order to give full play to the nutritional value of fruits, we need to master the correct eating methods.
(1) Selecting fresh fruits
When choosing fruits, you should choose fruits with complete appearance, bright color and full fruit. Avoid picking fruits with rot, deterioration, damage and other problems.
You can judge the freshness of fruit by smelling it and pressing it gently. Fresh fruit usually has a strong aroma, and the fruit has a certain elasticity.
(2) Wash the fruit thoroughly.
Cleaning the fruit is a very important step, which can remove dirt, pesticide residues and bacteria on the surface of the fruit.
For different fruits, different cleaning methods can be used. For example, small fruits such as strawberries and grapes can be soaked in light salt water and washed clean. Apples, pears and other fruits can be washed with clear water and peeled with a fruit knife. For fruits with old skin, you can use special detergent to clean them and then rinse them with water.
(3) Eating fruits in moderation
Although fruit is rich in nutrition, it should not be eaten in excess. Because fruit contains a certain amount of sugar, excessive consumption may lead to excessive sugar intake and increase the risk of obesity, diabetes and other diseases.
It is suggested to eat 200-350 grams of fruit every day to keep the diversity of fruit types and obtain more comprehensive nutrition.
(4) Choose fruits according to your own situation.
Different people have different physical conditions and needs, so you need to choose fruits according to your own situation.
For example, diabetics should choose low-sugar fruits, such as apples and grapefruit, and avoid eating high-sugar fruits, such as bananas and grapes. Patients with hyperacidity should avoid eating acidic fruits, such as lemon and hawthorn, and choose some mild fruits, such as bananas and papaya.
Fourth, the cultivation of fruits is exquisite.
Many factors need to be considered in fruit planting to ensure the quality and yield of fruit.
(A) sunshine demand
Most fruits need more sunlight, and sufficient sunlight can promote the photosynthesis of fruits and increase the sweetness and nutritional value of fruits.
Therefore, when choosing planting sites, it is necessary to ensure sufficient sunshine for a long time. You can choose a place with higher terrain and no shelter for planting.
(2) Soil selection
Different fruit trees have different requirements for soil. Generally speaking, fruit trees like fertile, loose and well-drained soil.
Before planting fruit trees, it is necessary to test the soil to understand the pH and fertility of the soil. Choose suitable fruit trees for planting according to the characteristics of soil.
(3) Reasonable watering
The water demand of fruit trees varies with varieties, but most fruit trees need proper water to grow normally.
Generally speaking, fruit trees need to be watered every two days to keep the soil moist. However, attention should be paid to avoid excessive watering when watering, so as not to cause root rot.
(4) Rational fertilization
The demand for fertilizer for fruit trees also varies from variety to variety. Generally speaking, fruit trees need to be fertilized regularly to ensure normal growth and fruit.
According to the growth stage and demand of fruit trees, suitable fertilizers can be selected for fertilization. Generally speaking, spring and autumn are the best time for fertilization.
(5) heatstroke prevention and warmth retention
Fruit trees need to pay attention to heatstroke prevention and keep warm during their growth. When the temperature is high in summer, measures such as shading and spraying water can be taken to reduce the temperature. When it is cold in winter, measures such as covering and dressing can be taken to protect fruit trees from freezing injury.
For example, lime powder can be coated on fruit branches to keep warm, or the fruit trees can be covered with straw curtains and plastic films.
(6) Pruning
Pruning of fruit trees is an important management measure. Pruning can control the growth morphology of fruit trees, promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit quality and yield.
Pruning includes topping and pruning dense branches. Topping treatment can control the height of fruit trees and promote the growth of lateral branches. Pruning dense branches can increase ventilation and light transmittance and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
In a word, fruit is an indispensable part of our life. Understanding the types, nutritional value, correct eating methods and planting points of fruits will help us to better enjoy the delicious and healthy fruits.
