Bicycles are a traditional industry with a history of over 100 years. Due to environmental protection and transportation issues, bicycles have once again become a popular transportation and fitness tool for residents in various countries, especially developed countries. The focus of the world's bicycle industry is shifting from traditional commuting vehicles to sports, mountain, and leisure vehicles. In developed countries such as the United States, Europe, and Japan, bicycles are a common product for sports, fitness, leisure, and entertainment. Every year, there is a huge demand for bicycles worldwide. According to data from Japan's CYCLEPRESS, the global demand for bicycles remains at a level of 106 million units, with an annual transaction volume of approximately 5 billion US dollars.
historical background
Bicycle is one of the most successful human powered machines invented by humans, which is a complex machinery composed of many simple machines.
In the 1915 publication of "A Grand View of the Wild History of the Qing Dynasty," it was stated that "Huang Luzhuang's two wheeled small car is over three feet long and can accommodate one person without the need for pushing or pulling, and can walk on its own. When walking, use a curved turn beside the handle to return to the original path, and then walk 80 miles with the sun." It should be pointed out that due to the limitations of the times and other reasons, some of the viewpoints, language, etc. in the book are inevitably different from our understanding, especially the editor's emphasis on exploring novelty and beauty, and some parts of the book are filled with absurd rumors, which are not true history. Readers should distinguish these when reading and using them.
In 1790, the French Sifrac made the first bicycle. It is also said that in 1817, German Carl Dres invented the first bicycle in the world. [7]
Design prototype
In 1790, there was a Frenchman named Sifrac, who loved to use his brain. One day, he was walking on a street in Paris because it had rained the day before and the road had accumulated a lot of rainwater, making it difficult to walk. Suddenly, a four wheeled carriage rolled in from behind. The street was narrow and the carriage was wide. Xifrak tried to hide and avoid being hit by the carriage, but was still splashed with mud and rain. Others saw it, felt sorry for him, and even cursed angrily, wanting to shout for the carriage to stop and negotiate rationally. Xifrak murmured, 'Stop shouting, stop shouting, let them go.' As the carriage walked away, he stood still by the roadside, thinking to himself: the road is so narrow and there are so many pedestrians, why can't we change the structure of the carriage? The carriage should be cut in half along the way, and the four wheels should be turned into two front and two rear wheels... With this thought in mind, he went home and started designing it. After repeated experiments, the first "Trojan Wheel" small car for commuting was built in 1791. This earliest bicycle was made of wood and had a relatively simple structure. It had neither a driving device nor a steering device, and the rider relied on their feet to push the ground forward. When changing direction, they could only get off and move the bike. Even so, when Xifrak rode this bicycle to the park for a ride, the people present were quite surprised and amazed.
improvement
In 1816, there was a forest ranger in Germany named Dreis. He walked from this forest on the east side of the village to another forest on the west side every day, like this every year. He thought to himself: Isn't it very elegant for a person to sit in a car, stop and go, and do whatever they want? Drays began making wooden wheeled carts, which looked similar to those made by Siflak. However, a steering handle has been added to the front wheels to change the direction of travel. But when riding a bike, you still need to use both feet to step on the ground one by one in order to push the bike forward. When Deles rode his bike out for the experiment, he was ridiculed by many people along the way. Nevertheless, he still loves the "cute little horse bicycle cub" he created himself very much. Once, while riding his bike for a stroll, Dress drove over a carriage. The carriage driver mocked him for being slow, so he said to the driver, "Do you believe my carriage is faster than yours?" So the two of them made a bet. The journey was a round trip from the east to the west of the village, and as a result, Dress was over an hour faster than the coachman.
In 1840, the blacksmith Macmillan from England obtained a run down "cute little pony". He installed a crank on the axle of the rear wheel and connected it to the front pedals with a connecting rod. Both the front and rear wheels were made of iron, with the front wheel being larger and the rear wheel being smaller. When the cyclist steps on the pedals, the bike will start moving on its own and run forward. As a result, he was caught by the police and fined. The charge is' savage riding '. In 1861, the Michio father and son from France, who originally worked as carriage repairmen, installed rotatable footrests on the front wheels; The saddle of the car is placed on top of the front wheels, so unless the riding technique is particularly advanced, the handlebars cannot be grasped firmly and may fall off the car. They gave this two wheeled vehicle the elegant name "bicycle" and exhibited it at the Paris Exposition in 1867, which opened the eyes of the audience.
In 1869, Renault from England, after seeing French bicycles, felt that they were too bulky and began to figure out how to make them lighter. He uses steel wire spokes to tighten the wheel rim as the wheel; At the same time, using thin steel bars to make the frame, the front wheels of the car are larger and the rear wheels are smaller. This reduces the weight of the bicycle itself. Starting from Sivrak and continuing until Renault, the five types of bicycles they produced were significantly different from modern bicycles.
Modern Prototype
The bicycle with a truly modern form was born in 1874. In 1874, an Englishman, Luo Song, ingeniously installed chains and sprockets on his bicycle, and used the rotation of the rear wheel to push the car forward. But it still has a large front wheel and a small rear wheel, which looks uncoordinated and unstable.
In 1886, John K. Staley, a mechanical engineer from England, designed a new style of bicycle from the perspectives of mechanics and kinematics. He installed a front fork and brake on the bicycle, with the same size of front and rear wheels to maintain balance. He also made a diamond frame out of steel pipes and used rubber wheels for the first time. Staley not only improved the structure of bicycles, but also restructured many machine tools used for producing bicycle components, opening up broad prospects for the mass production and promotion of bicycles. Therefore, he is known as the "father of bicycles" by later generations. The bicycle model designed by Stali is basically the same as the appearance of a bicycle.
In 1888, Irish veterinarian Dunlop was inspired by the treatment of bloating in cows' stomachs. He glued a rubber hose used for watering in his garden into a circle, inflated it, and mounted it on a bicycle wheel. He went to participate in a cycling competition and surprisingly ranked among the top, which aroused great interest among people. Inflatable tires are a groundbreaking innovation in the history of bicycle development, which increases the elasticity of bicycles and prevents them from vibrating due to uneven road surfaces; At the same time, it greatly improves the driving speed and increases the friction between the wheels and the road surface. In this way, the riding performance of the bicycle has been fundamentally changed, and the functionality of the bicycle has been improved.
In 1888, John K. Staley of Coventry, England, produced the first modern bicycle - the "safety" bicycle. Its main feature is the use of a diamond shaped frame structure, which gives the body higher rigidity and strength. The rear wheels are driven by chains and the direction is directly grasped through the front fork.
Diverse designs
The world's first truly practical bicycles appeared in the early 19th century. In 1817, German De Les invented a wooden two wheeled bicycle with handlebars in Paris, France. After the emergence of bicycles, they quickly became a favored means of transportation for Europeans at that time. In the 19th century, some Europeans also conceived some ideal bicycle diagrams.
In the early stages of the invention of bicycles, it was believed that larger wheels would travel faster, and two men rode a bicycle with wheels almost one person tall.
In the invention stage of bicycles, some people did not design the two wheels of bicycles to be placed forward and backward, but instead made the two wheels to be placed left and right. The appearance of this type of bicycle is somewhat similar to a wheelchair.
In 2012, China introduced a dual power exercise bike with both hands and feet. The bike can provide forward driving force by pushing and pulling the handlebars while riding, achieving a perfect combination of fitness and commuting. Due to the role of push-pull handlebars, it can effectively exercise the muscles of the whole body such as the waist, abdomen, legs, chest, and arms during cycling. Opened a new era in the history of bicycles.
Technology Alliance
With the development of society, there is an increasing demand for research and technical expertise in the development of bicycle products. In 2011, many well-known bicycle lithium electric vehicle companies in China communicated and discussed with their R&D or technical department heads, believing that in the current situation, everyone in the industry needs to unite and cooperate, exchange and learn from each other, complement each other's strengths and weaknesses, in order for enterprises and individuals to have long-term and healthy development. In response to everyone's strong demand, the China Bicycle Technology Alliance was established, with the participation of R&D or technical department heads from many well-known bicycle lithium electric vehicle companies in China with more than 8 years of industry experience. By extensively contacting outstanding professionals in the industry, strengthening technical exchanges and cooperation, it reflects the value of each person in the enterprise and promotes the healthy development of the entire industry.
System architecture
Among the 25 components of a bicycle, including the frame, tires, pedals, brakes, and chain, none of them are essential. Among them, the frame is the skeleton of the bicycle, which bears the maximum weight of people and goods. According to the working characteristics of each component, it can be roughly divided into guiding system, driving system, and braking system:
1. Guidance system: composed of handlebars, front forks, front axles, front wheels, and other components. Riders can change the direction of travel and maintain body balance by manipulating the handlebars.
2. Drive (transmission or walking) system: composed of pedals, central axle, toothed disc, crank, chain, flywheel, rear axle, rear wheel and other components. The pedaling force of a person's foot is transmitted through components such as cranks, sprockets, chains, flywheels, and rear axles, which keep the bicycle moving forward.
3. Braking system: It consists of brake components, and the rider can operate the brake at any time to slow down or stop the bicycle, ensuring driving safety.
In addition, for safety and aesthetics, as well as practicality, components such as car lights, brackets, and bells are also installed.
form
1. Vehicle body: including
The frame, front fork, handlebar, saddle, and front fork assembly are the main components of a bicycle. The transmission part includes pedals, cranks, sprockets, chains, axles, and flywheels. The pedals are manually operated to drive the wheels to rotate and move forward.
2. Action section: including front and rear wheels, front and rear axle components, spokes, wheel rims, tires, etc.
3. Safety devices: including brakes, car lights, bells, reflectors, etc.
Additional accessories can be added as needed, such as brackets, hangers, safety forks, mudguards, air cylinders, etc. In addition, sports cars, racing cars, mountain bikes, etc. equipped with transmission mechanisms are also equipped with transmission controllers and front and rear derailleurs.
4. The composition of a dual power bicycle with hands and feet: An alloy box is added to the frame of a traditional bicycle, which contains various transmission parts. Through the interaction of forces, the dual power of hands and feet is achieved. The simple action of pushing and pulling the handlebar allows the bicycle to move forward, not only saving effort but also promoting fitness.
parts
1. The frame components are the basic structural units that make up the bicycle, as well as the skeleton and main body of the bicycle. Other components are also directly or indirectly installed on the frame
There are many structural forms of frame components, but they can be generally divided into two categories: men's frames and women's frames.
Due to the fact that bicycles rely on the driving force and riding skills of the human body to travel, the frame becomes an important structural body that bears the impact load generated by the bicycle during travel and can comfortably and safely carry the human body. The manufacturing accuracy of frame components will directly affect the safety, smoothness, and lightness of riding. Generally, spokes are of equal diameter. In order to reduce gravity, variable diameter spokes with large ends and small middle are also made, and spokes are made into flat streamlined shapes to reduce air resistance.
2. Outer tire: divided into two types: soft edge tire and hard edge tire. The soft edged tire has a wide cross-section and can fully wrap around the inner tube, with a relatively large ground contact area, making it suitable for driving on various roads. Hard edged tires have a light weight and a small landing area, making them suitable for driving on flat roads. They have the advantages of low resistance and light and agile driving.
The pattern on the outer tire is designed to increase friction with the ground. The outer tire width of mountain bikes is particularly wide, and the deep patterns are also suitable for off-road mountain use.
3. Pedal components: The pedal components are assembled on the left and right cranks of the central axis components, and are a device that converts flat force into rotational force. When riding a bicycle, the pedal force is first transmitted to the pedal components, and then the pedal shaft rotates the crank, sprocket, central axis, and chain flywheel, causing the rear wheel to rotate and move the bicycle forward. Therefore, the structure and specifications of the pedal components will directly affect whether the rider's foot position is appropriate and whether the bicycle's driving can proceed smoothly.
Foot pedals: can be divided into integral foot pedals and combination foot pedals. No matter what style of foot pedal, it must have a foot pedal surface, be safe and reliable, have certain anti slip performance, and can be made of rubber, plastic or metal materials. The foot pedal must rotate flexibly.
4. Front fork component: The front fork component is located in the front part of the bicycle structure, with its upper end connected to the handlebar component, the frame component cooperating with the front pipe, and the lower end cooperating with the front axle component, forming the guiding system of the bicycle.
Turning the handlebar and front fork can change the direction of the front wheels, providing guidance for the bicycle. In addition, it can also play a role in controlling the movement of bicycles.
The force situation of the front fork component belongs to the cantilever beam property, so the front fork component must have sufficient strength and other properties.
5. Chain: Chain, also known as car chain or roller chain, is installed on connecting wheels and flywheels. Its function is to transmit the pedal force from the crank and sprocket to the flywheel and rear wheel, driving the bicycle forward.
Chain wheel: Made of high-strength steel to ensure it reaches the required tension.
6. Flywheel: The flywheel is fixed to the right end of the rear axle with internal threads, kept in the same plane as the sprocket, and connected to the sprocket through a chain to form the driving system of the bicycle. Structurally, it can be divided into two categories: single-stage flywheels and multi-stage flywheels.
A single-stage flywheel, also known as a single chain disc flywheel, is mainly composed of components such as a jacket, a flat gear and core, a jack, a jack spring, a washer, a wire stopper, and several steel balls. The working principle of its single-stage flywheel is as follows: when the pedal is stepped forward, the chain drives the flywheel to rotate forward. At this time, the internal teeth of the flywheel are interlocked with the weight, and the rotational force of the flywheel is transmitted to the core through the weight. The core drives the rear axle and rear wheel to rotate, and the bicycle moves forward.
When the foot pedal is stopped, neither the chain nor the jacket rotates, but the rear wheel still drives the core and the jack to rotate forward under the action of inertia. When the foot pedal is reversed, the jacket rotates in the opposite direction, accelerating the sliding of the jack and making the "dada" sound more rapid. Multi stage flywheel is an important component in bicycle transmission system.
Multi stage flywheel is based on single-stage flywheel, adding several flywheel plates and combining them with the sprocket on the central axis to form various transmission ratios, thereby changing the speed of the bicycle.
Ordinary bike
Generally referring to Kun bikes, the riding posture is a bent leg standing position, which has the advantage of high comfort and is less prone to fatigue after long-term cycling. The disadvantage is that the bent leg posture is not easy to accelerate, and ordinary bicycle parts often use very ordinary parts, making it difficult to achieve high speeds.
road bike
A type of vehicle used on smooth road surfaces. Due to the low resistance of smooth road surfaces, road bikes are designed with a greater consideration for high speed. They often use downward turning handles that can reduce wind resistance, narrow high-pressure and low resistance tires, higher gear positions, and larger wheel diameters than typical mountain bikes. As the frame and accessories do not need to be reinforced like mountain bikes, they are often lightweight and efficient when riding on the road. Due to the fact that the frame does not require reinforcement and often adopts a simple and efficient diamond design, road bikes are the most beautiful bicycles.
exercise bike
The main feature of the fitness bike designed with a new concept of health, fashion, and new ideas is the dual power of hands and feet, with a speed of up to 40km/h; There are multiple ways to do work and good fitness effects. When riding this bicycle, both hands and feet can simultaneously drive the bicycle to do work, or they can drive the bicycle to do work separately with their hands or feet. The use of foot pulling and foot pedaling linear and hand pulling swing rod swinging work methods not only improves the speed of the bicycle, but also exercises the leg muscles and arm muscles. Obtained multiple national patents, suitable for use as a means of transportation for middle-aged and elderly people for commuting and fitness, as well as for use by young people for tourism and entertainment.
Track Cycling
A bicycle designed for use on extremely smooth oval tracks indoors, without brakes, gearbox, and reversible flywheel.
The Triathlon/Time Trial bicycle is a road bike used in triathlon and time trial sports. The biggest feature of triathlon and time trial is that it does not allow the use of draft, which means that the rider must overcome air resistance completely by their own force and is not allowed to ride behind other riders. Therefore, triathlon/time trial bicycles are designed with great emphasis on maintaining a riding posture that reduces air resistance while also paying attention to reducing the bike's own air resistance. Triathlon also allows riders to use muscle groups similar to those used during running, making the transition from cycling to running easier.
Mountain bikes
Mountain bikes originated in San Francisco, USA in 1977. Designed for riding in mountainous areas, this type of vehicle typically features a gearbox that can shift gears effortlessly or quickly. Some may have shock absorbers installed on the frame, and some tires have chocolate tread patterns for easy riding on unpaved roads. The dimensions of mountain bike parts are generally measured in imperial units. The rim is 24/26/29 inches, and the tire size is generally 1.0-2.5 inches. The frame size is also measured in imperial units, such as 14 ", 17", and 19 "to indicate the size of the frame. It is divided into many categories, and the one we commonly see is usually the XC category. It is variable speed, with thick tires and good grip, suitable for off-road driving, and has a shock absorption system to reduce bumps. The overall strength is large and the impact resistance is strong. Compared to ordinary bicycles, it is less likely to be damaged when riding strongly.
Downhill bike
Rapid descent bicycle, also known as downhill bicycle. The English abbreviation is DH. It is an extremely challenging activity. Riders use specially designed DH bicycles to glide on mountain slopes, even descending to seek excitement. Activities are often carried out in areas such as mountain ridges, mines, and snowy terrain. The Austrians set a world record of 210.4KM/H using DH. The frame angle of a downhill bike is different from that of a mountain bike, and the parts are in imperial units, just like mountain bikes. When performing this activity, it is necessary to wear headgear, armor, and other equipment. The stroke of the front fork shock absorber is longer than that of mountain bikes and XC bikes. The tire width generally exceeds 2 inches.
Children's bicycles
Children's bicycles are also called children's bicycles and children's bicycles. In Chinese Mainland, Taiwan and Singapore, they are usually called "children's bicycles" or "children's bicycles"; In Hong Kong and Macau, it is commonly referred to as a "children's bicycle". Children's bicycles are a major category of child strollers, including children's bicycles, child strollers, baby strollers, children's tricycles, and several other major categories.
touring bike
Developed from road bikes, it is suitable for ultra long distance self-sufficient travel. It has a comfortable and relaxed geometric design of the frame, can carry heavy loads, has a very low lowest gear, uses wide tires, and pursues reliable and durable accessory selection without too much emphasis on weight reduction, often using mountain bike pedals. Evolved from the mountains. The vast majority are similar to mountainous areas but have more flexible configurations. For example, the handlebars can be replaced with butterfly shaped ones to reduce fatigue over long periods of time in various postures. The front fork can also be equipped with shock absorbers or not. The wheels can be 700c or 26 inches. But the brakes are usually V-brakes. It is very convenient to install shelves, tile covers, and camel bags. In short, all the modifications are aimed at increasing durability and reducing fatigue during long-distance travel.
Dead Flying Bike
Death bikes originated from track bikes, where the flywheel is fixed. Stepping forward causes the bike to move forward, while stepping backward causes the bike to move backward. Later, some alternative bike enthusiasts used abandoned track bikes as work transportation, which can quickly travel through cities at a low cost and require certain riding skills. These characteristics made it quickly popular among bicycle enthusiasts in countries such as the UK and the US, and became a street culture. Major bicycle brands have also followed up, developed and promoted dead car models, making them popular among the public and becoming the most popular bicycle styles in cities. Pure dead cars require a certain level of technology and are dangerous, so the products developed by these manufacturers are dual-use dead and live, and equipped with brakes to ensure safety.
Multi person bicycle
Also known as a collaborative vehicle, it is driven by two or more people working together, with the first person controlling the direction. Mostly used in tourist attractions for couples, families, and friends to play and use.
Folding bike
It is a type of vehicle designed for ease of carrying and loading into vehicles. In some places, public transportation such as railways and airlines allow passengers to carry foldable and bagged bicycles with them.
Cycling BMX
Also known as BMX, there are many types such as flat flower, street style, soil slope, etc. Each type of gameplay is also different. In addition, this picture is not BMX, but a conceptual climbing bicycle
Technical vehicle
A technical bike is a type of bicycle specifically designed for extreme sports. This type of bike has undergone many modifications to make it more suitable for stunt performances, such as a lighter but exceptionally sturdy body, no gearbox, no mounting bracket, and even the removal of the braking mechanism.
Frame
1. What is the frame?
The frame is equivalent to the skeleton of a person, and only with a frame can various bicycle parts be installed. The frame is composed of materials such as iron and aluminum alloy, and the angle formed by the length of the pipes affects the overall characteristics of the bicycle. For example, bicycles with good straight-line riding, easy to turn bicycles, and comfortable riding bicycles are all determined by their frames.
2. How can a good frame be considered?
One of the goals pursued by the frame is to be lightweight, sturdy, and elastic. To achieve this goal, it also depends on the craftsmanship of each frame manufacturer. Whether the designed frame is based on the strength and characteristics of the material, and whether the welding process is mature. These directly affect the appearance, strength, and elasticity of the frame. Another important aspect is painting. A good frame should be painted evenly and with 3-4 layers of paint. Don't underestimate spray painting, good spray painting can make bicycles easier to maintain and less prone to rusting. If a frame that does not meet the above requirements is used for loading, it is possible to produce bicycles that cannot be ridden in a straight line or are difficult to turn, or bicycles that quickly break down.
3. What materials are made up of the frame?
The most common type is the iron frame, but it is also divided into frames made of chromium molybdenum steel, high-strength steel, ordinary steel, and other components added to the iron. After adding these other components, they can be made into thinner pipes, making the overall frame lighter. On the basis of not reducing strength, frames made of materials other than iron, such as aluminum alloy, have emerged. In bicycle races, frames made of titanium metal and carbon fiber materials are used.
Frame and height reference data:
14 inches -150-160 inches 15 inches -155-165 inches
16 inches -160-170 inches -165-175 inches
18 inches -170-180 inches 19 inches -175-185 inches
20 inches -180-190 inches 21 inches -185-195 inches
Before 2009, almost all mountain bikes were 26 inches, until 2009 when a car company developed the world's first 27.5-inch/650B mountain bike in Washington, D.C. Due to its ability to provide optimal handling, stability, safety, and performance for mountain bikes, a new wheel diameter revolution has officially arrived in the bicycle industry. Major brands have followed suit and developed vehicles of this size, with 27.5-inch/650B bicycles gradually becoming the mainstream products in the bicycle market
Component composition
1. What are bicycle parts
Various parts installed on the frame have their own functions. For example, braking is used to safely stop a bicycle; Pedals are used to transfer power to the wheels and other components. The specialized factories that produce and sell these parts are called bicycle parts manufacturers. Famous parts manufacturers develop new products every year, which are then provided to major bicycle manufacturers and appear in the market.
What are the best bicycle parts?
Simply put, it is both lightweight and sturdy, with good performance. Because of these conditions, riding a bicycle is easy, safe, and convenient. But to meet all the above conditions, good materials are needed. So, bicycle parts are often a specific factor that affects the price of bicycles. The best part is the components that can participate in Olympic cycling competitions. We use the best materials in terms of strength, performance, and weight.
Assembly technology
1. Assembly technology
If good parts are not assembled properly, they will be like a house that has not been carefully designed by architects or experienced craftsmen, making you anxious all day long, afraid that it will collapse. So, if you don't want to regret buying it later, you should understand these knowledge.
2. Comfort features of bicycles
2.1 Transmission
A. Transmission?
Many people mistakenly believe that bicycles are equipped with a gearbox to increase riding speed, but in fact, the maximum force that a person can exert is only 0.4 horsepower. The gearbox is just a tool designed to help people easily unleash their maximum horsepower.
B. What are the benefits of a gearbox?
Generally, bicycles are used in cities, and there are actually many slopes in the city. For example, sometimes when you ride a bike, you may feel your pedals suddenly sink, and there are often many slopes that cannot be judged by your eyes.
The advantage of a gearbox is that it can help you effectively reduce your physical exertion when you are not physically strong. For example, when you have a cold, you should not expend too much physical energy, so if you choose a lighter number of teeth when cycling, it will be easier than when cycling. When women have poor health, students are tired from exams, and older people can use variable speed bicycles flexibly. So the benefits of a variable speed car are indeed too many.
C. The old-fashioned transmission system requires slight adjustments (some modern transmission vehicles also require fine-tuning), but with the successful development of SIS (SHIMANO INDEX SYSTEM) function, many bicycles are equipped with SIS system. When shifting, simply press the gear lever to complete the shift with a "pop" sound, so there is no need to worry about how to operate it anymore.
D. Don't know which gear to shift in while riding?
There is a digital display on the gear shift lever, just look at the digital display, and the latest product also features the FLIGHT DECK electronic display system with a computer LCD display. This display system can also display 17 functions such as time, average speed, and total distance traveled during cycling.
E. Internal and external variable speed
Before understanding them, it is necessary to know the concepts of internal and external shifting. Simply put, external transmission refers to installing the gearbox on the exterior of a bicycle as a separate component, while internal transmission refers to the concealed part hidden in the rear drum.
The external variable speed is directly presented to the outside and directly contacts the external space. However, due to exposure to external rainwater, soil, oil stains, etc., regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary, and internal transmissions do not require regular maintenance. However, due to limited design space, the range of transmission for internal transmissions is relatively limited, and they are generally used for light bicycles for cycling in cities.
F. Why are internal transmission cars not yet popular?
Due to the fact that consumers have not yet experienced the charm of internal transmission in the domestic market, it is not yet common at this stage. However, in Japan and developed Western European countries, internal transmission is already very common (50% of bicycles in Japan are internal transmission vehicles). Of course, the reason is that there is no need for maintenance. In the new product, there is also a fully automatic internal transmission system that automatically changes gears through computer sensing and micro motors
2.2 Brakes
The quality of braking is related to your safety and the safety of others. Braking force and braking time are the main factors determining the quality of braking. Therefore, good braking performance and light operating force are very important. There is a common type of roller brake in the Japanese market, which can achieve satisfactory results even in rainy weather. It does not make noise during braking and is not repaired.
Purpose of Cycling
Firstly, it depends on your purpose of riding a bicycle. Generally, when going to work, school, or shopping, you can use a lightweight bike, preferably a larger basket that can hold a backpack or something similar. If possible, you can also buy a car with internal transmission or a bicycle with external transmission.
If you are riding on a slope or bridge and find it difficult to climb uphill or on the bridge, you should choose a bicycle with a gearbox.
If it rains frequently in your area, you should choose a bicycle with mudguards. If there are more opportunities to ride at night, you should choose a bicycle with headlights, and so on.
There are often many types of bicycles with different appearances and colors in bicycle shops, so it is best to determine what kind of bicycle you need based on your actual situation before going to the bicycle shop to purchase.
Bicycle exercise
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build up a good physique and improve one's health
Bicycles are one of the best tools to overcome heart function problems. More than half of the world's population dies from heart disease. Riding a bicycle not only compresses blood flow through leg movements and draws blood back to the heart from the ends of blood vessels, but also strengthens microvascular tissue, which is called 'collateral circulation'. Strengthening blood vessels can protect you from the threat of age and keep you youthful forever.
In addition, habitual cycling can gradually expand your heart. Otherwise, blood vessels will become thinner and the heart will deteriorate. In old age, you will experience the troubles it brings, and then you will realize how perfect cycling is.
Cycling is a sport that requires a lot of oxygen. Once, an elderly person completed a 460 kilometer cycling trip in 6 days. He said, "Elderly people should exercise at least three times a week to strengthen the heart and restore normal function. You need to make the heart beat vigorously, but not for too long. This way, it will be able to adapt to emergency situations, such as rushing a car or resisting difficulties
Cycling exercise can also prevent high blood pressure, sometimes more effective than medication. It can also prevent weight gain, arteriosclerosis, and make bones strong. Bicycles eliminate the need for medication to maintain health and are harmless.
Bicycles are a tool for weight loss. According to statistics, a person weighing 75 kilograms can lose half a kilogram of weight by riding 73 miles per hour at a speed of 9 and a half miles per hour, but it must be done consistently every day.
Cycling not only helps with weight loss, but also makes your body more symmetrical and charming. People who exercise to lose weight, or those who exercise while dieting, have better and more attractive figures than those who only rely on dieting to lose weight.
Appropriate exercise can secrete a hormone that makes you open hearted and mentally happy. From experience, it is known that cycling can produce this hormone.
In fact, because riding a bicycle compresses blood vessels, blood circulation accelerates and the brain takes in more oxygen, so you inhale more fresh air. After riding for a while, you will feel clearer in your mind.
Riding this two wheeled bicycle that relies on your own physical strength, you will feel very free and exhilarating. It is not just a weight loss exercise, but also a joyful exile for the soul.
athletic sports
Cycling is a sport that uses bicycles as a tool to compete in riding speed. It was listed as an official competition event at the first Olympic Games in 1896. The International Cycling Union was established in 1900, and subsequently held the World Cycling Championships (held once a year), the World Peace Cycling Race (a multi day race of over 2000 kilometers around Berlin, Warsaw, and Prague), and the Tour de France (a multi day race of 3966 kilometers around France).
Cycling in China was introduced from Europe around 1913. At that time, bicycles were mainly used as a means of transportation. In 1930, Pan Deming rode a bicycle around the world, passing through more than 40 countries and regions including Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Australia, Indonesia, Malaya, Singapore, the United States, Canada, Cuba, Sweden, etc., and returned to China after more than 7 years.
After 1940, various forms of small and medium-sized bicycle competitions were held in athletics fields across China. The first national exhibition competition in China was held in Shanghai in 1947. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, cycling has experienced comprehensive and rapid development.
In 2002, China held its first cycling race around Qinghai Lake, and by 2007, it had been held six times.
top speed
The maximum speed of a bicycle is 268.831 kilometers per hour, which was set by Fred Romberg from the Netherlands on October 3, 1995, in the Bonneville Salt Flats of Utah, USA. The achievement of this record is largely due to the low-pressure air pockets generated by his leading car. The normal commuting and cycling speed for humans is only 15 kilometers per hour.
Materials used
Chromium molybdenum steel frame: Before the 1990s, bicycle frames were mainly made of chromium molybdenum steel. It has good twisting and stretching properties, and the high temperature during welding does not affect the material, making it cheap. But it is heavy and easily oxidized.
Carbon fiber frame: Lightweight and capable of absorbing ground impacts and fast material rebound, it is an ideal material for bicycle frames. The grade of carbon fiber, the higher the tonnage, the higher the elasticity, and the higher the price. There are several manufacturing methods, such as sticking adhesive on the mold, overlapping carbon fibers, heat treatment, solidification, molding, etc.
Titanium frame: Titanium has a specific gravity 55% lighter than steel and is not easily oxidized. In order to improve tensile strength, there are titanium alloys mixed with aluminum, vanadium, and other materials. Welding requires complex processing in vacuum, and the price of the frame is expensive.
Aluminum frame: The frame made of aluminum alloy is light and rigid. After special processing, the weight of one frame is only 1 kilogram. Aluminum pipes tend to have larger diameters. In order to alleviate excessive rigidity, seat pipes and forks are made of carbon fibers that absorb strong impact forces, which have attracted attention
Usage and maintenance
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Vehicle condition inspection
Normal riding does not require any technical skills, but it is the most important and basic maintenance of a bicycle. Checking the condition of the bicycle before riding is important and often forgotten. Therefore, remember to do the following checks before riding:
Check the riding posture dimensions: If you are not riding your own bike, remember to adjust the seat cushion to the appropriate height before riding.
Check the tightness of screws in various parts: check whether the quick release of the front and rear wheels and seat cushion rods are locked, whether the handlebars are fixed properly, and whether other screws are loose.
Check tires: Check if the tire pressure is sufficient, if not, apply the appropriate pressure, check if there are cracks or cuts in the tire wall, and if the tread is too shallow. If necessary, replace the outer tire.
Check the brakes: Try pulling the front and rear brakes to check if they can effectively stop the vehicle.
Check the front wrist: Apply the front brake and shake the vehicle back and forth. If you feel any gaps in the shaking, it indicates that the front wrist needs to be readjusted.
Check the transmission: After starting, try changing the front and rear gears separately to see if you can smoothly shift to each gear and if there are any strange noises.
lubrication
Bicycles are human powered machinery with a wide range of lubrication structures, including sliding friction and rolling friction, slight friction and linear friction, fluid lubrication and boundary lubrication, oil lubrication and grease lubrication.
The key friction parts of a bicycle are the central, front, and rear axles, which are lubricated with ball bearings and No.2 calcium based grease. During each maintenance, the ball bearings, grooves, and covers should be cleaned thoroughly. Apply No. 2 calcium based grease evenly to the groove, and fill the surface around the shaft with smooth, complete, round, and uniformly sized specialized ball bearings (beads). Then, place the cover to prevent dust and impurities from entering. But on bicycles, it is a special case where there is no grease nozzle to simplify the equipment, and only lubricating oil can be added to improve lubrication.
Secondly, the lubrication of the chain and gear disc is a mixed friction of sliding friction and rolling friction, and most of them are in a boundary lubrication state, so the friction conditions are more demanding. It is necessary to use lubricating oil with good adhesion and lubricity for lubrication, especially most of them are open and work in dusty conditions, which causes serious wear to the chain and gear disc. Therefore, they need to be cleaned at any time (quarterly or semi annual) according to the situation, and new oil should be used. The most commonly used lubricating oil is high viscosity (40 ℃ viscosity 10-20mm2/s), but generally the same lubricating oil is also used for the three-axis, which is more convenient.
Technical points
It is important to master cycling skills, especially for long-distance travel, in order to save energy and ensure safety. The adjustment of bicycle seats is an important aspect of bicycle technology. What is the optimal height for adjusting the bicycle seat? Generally speaking, a lower seat with a 5-10 degree rearward tilt is most suitable for long-distance travel. Because a low seat has many benefits: firstly, it allows for flexible pedaling, allowing different parts of the foot to take turns exerting force, which allows various muscles of the foot to rest and extend durability; The second is that the seat is low, and the position of the person is relatively lowered, which can reduce air resistance and also facilitate lying on the handlebar, improving air flow tension; Thirdly, the seat is low and slightly tilted back, which can straighten the body, evenly distribute force on the buttocks, reduce fatigue, and also reduce the burden on the arms, protecting the wrists; The fourth advantage is that the seat is lower for safety. In case of emergency, the legs can be extended straight to land, which can avoid causing danger. Therefore, when adjusting the seat during travel, a low seat should be the best option, as it has great benefits for maintaining physical strength, speed, and endurance. In addition, choosing the appropriate speed for bicycle travel is also very important. Generally speaking, for long-distance travel with normal physical strength and flat roads, the speed of a regular bicycle should be maintained at around 15 kilometers per hour, and for those with good physical strength, it can be accelerated to 20 kilometers per hour. The key to cycling tourism lies in maintaining speed, choosing the appropriate speed, and avoiding the phenomenon of jumping fast and slow, riding vigorously and stopping step by step without energy. Whether it is a mountain path or a long and steep downhill slope, the speed of the vehicle should not be too fast or too slow, and should be selected according to local conditions.
Riding method of dual power bicycle with hands and feet:
1. The integrated technology of power and steering enables the handlebars to be used for both power and direction control functions simultaneously.
2. The seamless dual overrunning clutch power integration technology integrates the power of forward push and backward pull into the driving force of the bicycle, and the amplitude of push and pull is arbitrary.
3. The gapless coupling technology enables seamless control of the handlebars over the front wheels.
4. The technology of separating hand and foot dynamics achieves that hand and foot dynamics do not interfere with each other and cooperate with each other.
5. The handlebar locking technology enables the free switching between hand foot bicycles and regular bicycles.
6. Gear transmission technology has achieved high efficiency and stability in power transmission.
7. The synchronized backward movement scheme of the handlebar and saddle, with the foot pedal serving as the force support point for pulling back, provides sufficient force for pulling back.
8. The saddle backrest scheme uses the backrest as the force support point for forward pushing, ensuring sufficient forward pushing force.
9. The gearbox transmission ratio scheme achieves reasonable frequency and harmonious coordination of hand and foot movements.
10. The unique frame structure ensures that the handlebar height and length are reasonable, with sufficient amplitude, and the push-pull trajectory is closer to a straight line, which is conducive to the participation of full body strength and easy to control.
Short term maintenance
Short term maintenance is often carried out, and if the bicycle is used normally, maintenance at this stage is quite simple. This maintenance can keep your car in good condition, so it should not be taken lightly. Cleaning the car: In addition to keeping your car shiny as a new car, cleaning the car also avoids rusting of the frame. If you ride in heavy rain or mud, you should clean it as soon as possible after riding. When washing the car, pay attention to the following points: if there is not much mud or dust on the body, you can use a cloth to wipe it clean or use a large brush to clean it. High pressure water jets should not be used to remove sludge from the vehicle body. Although this method is efficient, it may force sewage into the bearings, which can cause damage to the bearings. When there is a lot of sludge on the car body, it should be cleaned with a brush and soapy water, rinsed with clean water, and then wiped dry with a cloth. After cleaning the car, remember to check if the paint has peeled off. Steel frames will start to rust after the paint peels off, while aluminum alloy, carbon fiber, and titanium alloy frames will not rust and will only affect their appearance. After washing the car with water, remember to dry the chain and re oil it. Check the brake pads: Remove any debris from the brake pads. Oil on the chain: After dripping lubricating oil onto the chain, wipe off the oil on the outside of the chain after about ten minutes. As long as there is oil in the moving parts of the chain, it is enough. Excess lubricating oil on the outside will stick to dust and increase the difficulty of cleaning, so it is best to wipe it clean. In addition, if using spray can lubricating oil, remember to wipe off any oil that has dripped onto other parts after applying the oil
Regular maintenance
Check the chain: The chain may stretch after long-term use. The pitch of the chain is 0.5 inches. Measuring 24 chains, the length should be 12 inches. If its length has exceeded the normal length by 1/8 inch, the chain should be replaced.
Cleaning the chain: If there is a lot of sludge inside your chain, it may be time to clean it. To clean the chain, you can use a chain washer or remove the chain, find a container filled with solvent oil, place it in the chain, shake it to clean it, and finally take it out and dry it with oil.
Check the flywheel and large gear plate: If there is tooth jumping in the flywheel after updating the chain, update the flywheel. If the teeth of the large gear plate are severely worn and cause chain jamming, it should also be replaced. Check the fixing screws of the large gear plate. If they are loose, they must be re tightened.
Check the wheel rim: Check for minor cracks near the air nozzle hole and wire hole. If there are cracks, replace the wheel rim as soon as possible, lift the wheel, rotate it, and observe if the wheel rim rubs against the brake pads. If so, readjust the wheel rim.
Check the steel wire: Check whether the steel wire of the front and rear wheels is broken. If so, replace it. After replacing the steel wire, the wheel rim must be readjusted. When adjusting the wheel rim, observe the direction of the wheel rim's deflection. If it deviates to the right, loosen the steel wire on the right side near the wheel rim and lock it on the left side. If it deviates to the left, do the opposite. The deflection amplitude of the wheel rim on both sides should be less than 2mm.
Check the handlebars: Check if the driver has deformed during the car accident and if there are cracks in the locking area of the riser. If so, replace the handlebars.
Check the seat cushion and seat cushion rod: Remove the seat cushion rod and check for any deformation or cracks. If not, apply a thin layer of butter and reinstall it. Check if the seat cushion is damaged and if the lower bracket is intact. If there are any problems, replace it.
Regular maintenance
After riding the car for a period of time, all components should be inspected and adjusted to prevent them from loosening and falling off. The sliding parts should be regularly injected with an appropriate amount of oil to maintain lubrication.
Once the vehicle is soaked or dampened by rainwater, the electroplated parts should be wiped dry and wiped clean in a timely manner, and then coated with a layer of neutral oil (such as household sewing machine oil) to prevent rusting.
3. Parts coated with glossy paint should not be wiped with oil to avoid damaging the paint film and causing it to lose its luster.
4. Both the inner and outer tires, as well as the brake rubber, of bicycles are made of rubber products. It is recommended to avoid contact with oil products such as engine oil and kerosene to prevent rubber aging and deterioration. New tires need to be inflated thoroughly. Normally, tire inflation should be appropriate. Insufficient inflation can cause the outer tire to easily break; Inflating too much can easily damage the tires and parts. The correct approach is to inflate the front tire less and the rear tire more. In cold weather, one should breathe well, and in hot weather, one should not inflate too much.
5. It is important to have a moderate amount of self-propelled vehicles. Ordinary bicycles must not exceed a load capacity of 120 kilograms; A heavy-duty bicycle must not exceed a load capacity of 170 kilograms. As the front wheels are designed to only bear 40% of the weight of the entire vehicle, do not hang heavy objects on the front fork.
repair
Check the flower drum: Remove the front and rear wheels, check for cracks near the steel wire holes, replace immediately if there are any, rotate the flower drum shaft by hand, and then shake it up and down. If there is any gap or looseness, disassemble the flower drum shaft, clean the internal oil, reinstall new butter, and reassemble the flower drum shaft. Remember to adjust the bearings so that the shaft can rotate smoothly, but there will be no gap for up and down shaking.
Check the center of gravity: Remove the chain, grasp the crank and shake it left and right. If there is any shaking, tighten the fixing screws. If it still shakes, adjust the center of gravity bearing; Place your ears on the seat cushion and rotate the crank. The sound you hear should be a smooth "whooshing" sound. If you hear a creaking or other strange sound, it means that the bearing is damaged and the center console should be replaced.
Check the pedal: Remove the pedal and use a 15mm open-end wrench. Note that the left pedal has a left tooth and do not remove it incorrectly. The pedal bearing does not need to be adjusted, but it still needs to be checked. If a card type pedal is used, check whether its mechanism operates normally and lubricate it with oil. Check the transmission: Check whether the various operating parts of the transmission shake. If so, it indicates that the wear of the transmission is quite severe and should be replaced. If not, lubricate the operating parts with oil.
Check the frame: Check all paint, if there is rust to the point of frame perforation, the frame must be replaced. If the frame is deformed due to impact, it should also be replaced.
Update all internal and external conduits: All conduits have been worn out after prolonged use, therefore it is recommended to replace them to maintain their performance.
When cycling in the wilderness, if the bike breaks down and you have to walk home, it's really disappointing. Therefore, to avoid this situation, remember to bring tools when going out for cycling. Don't think accidents won't happen, being prepared is always good. The following introduces common faults and repair methods in the wild:
Tire blowout: This is a common occurrence. When a tire blowout occurs, the wheels are removed, the outer tire is removed with a tire removal rod, and the inner tube is removed. If a spare tire is carried, it can be directly installed. If there is no spare tire, it needs to be repaired. When repairing the tire, first find the hole, use sandpaper or rough material to slightly grind the area near the hole, apply tire repair glue, wait until it is almost half dry, then stick the tire patch on, press it firmly, and then inflate it to check if there is still air leakage. Finally, install the inner and outer tires and inflate them to the full capacity.
The world's best
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The earliest bicycle
The earliest bicycle design was completed by the French Sivrac in about 1793. At that time, this bicycle was still very imperfect.
The largest bicycle
On June 4, 1989, a bicycle manufactured by Dave Moore in the United States was 3.4 meters high and had a wheel diameter of 3.05 meters. If calculated by the diameter of the wheels, this is the largest bicycle in the world.
The longest bicycle
On February 27, 1988, Stanley Sesman of New Zealand designed and manufactured a 22.24 meter long bicycle for four people to ride.
The Most Expensive Bicycle
Arumania from Northern Europe has launched one of the world's most expensive bicycles, using 600 Swarovski crystals and a body plated with pure gold (pure gold refers to 24K gold, which means its gold content is 100%), priced at 117000 euros.
The Most Expensive Mountain Bike
Steve Corporation in the UK has produced a mountain bike assembled from the highest end parts produced in their own country, as well as in the United States, Italy, and Japan. The price is 12025 US dollars, equivalent to over 90000 Chinese yuan.
Minimum double car
A two seater bicycle manufactured by Jacques Beaulieu in France, only 36 centimeters long.
The largest tricycle
In July 1998, 16 American college students designed a three wheeled bicycle with a height of 7.13 meters, a rear wheel diameter of 2.23 meters, and a front wheel diameter of 4.67 meters.
Speed record
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On September 16, 2018, 45 year old Denise participated in the World Speed Challenge held in Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, achieving an actual speed of 183 miles per hour (approximately 296 kilometers per hour), breaking the 23 year old world bicycle land speed record.
Denise is equipped with a special dual disc transmission system in the car, which can push the car forward 128 feet (about 39 meters) with each pedal press. [2]
Common Events
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The Tour of France, also known as the Tour de France, is an annual competition in the world of road cycling and can be considered the most highly regarded cycling road race, with a total length of over 3000 kilometers. Since 1903, except for being suspended by two world wars, it has been held every summer in July. Following the Tour of Spain and Tour of Italy, it became the climax of summer cycling and ended. It belongs to a segmented time trial, with the route passing through France and neighboring countries such as Spain. The champion is the one with the least accumulated time in each segment.
There are 22 professional racing teams participating in the competition, including teams that have obtained UCI's ProTour license and teams that have received ASO wild cards. Each team has 9 drivers participating in the race. Champions include stage champions and overall champions, individual champions and team champions, as well as overall ranking (calculated by race time), points ranking, young driver ranking, etc.
The driver who leads in overall performance wears a yellow jersey, the one who leads in sprint points wears a green jersey, the one with the best climbing performance wears a red and white spotted jersey, and the driver with the best performance in their first participation in the Tour de France wears a white jersey. The prize money for the competition is very generous. The total prize money for the 2010 race was 32 million euros, and the driver who won the individual championship will alone receive 450000 euros. Since 1903, the Tour de France has celebrated its 99th birthday, except for being interrupted during the two World Wars.
In the first stage of the Tour de France in 2007 and 2008, the figure of the yellow lead rider Sugi was not visible.