跑酷（Parkour）是时下风靡全球的时尚极限运动，以日常生活的环境（多为城市）为运动场所，依靠自身的体能，快速、有效、可靠地驾驭任何已知与未知环境的运动艺术。它也是一种探索人类潜能激发身体与心灵极限的一种哲学。
Parkour is a fashionable extreme sport that is currently popular worldwide. It is a sport art that uses daily living environments (mostly cities) as sports venues, relying on one's own physical fitness to quickly, effectively, and reliably control any known or unknown environment. It is also a philosophy that explores human potential and inspires the limits of the body and mind.
跑酷不仅可以强健体质，使得自身越发敏捷，反应能力更加迅速。一个专业的跑酷训练者可以正确地控制危险，并把它减到最小，当陷入火灾、地震、遭遇袭击、车祸、紧急突发事件等危险中，他的脱险几率将比普通人高出20倍以上。
Parkour not only strengthens physical fitness, but also makes oneself more agile and responsive. A professional parkour trainer can correctly control danger and minimize it. When caught in danger such as fire, earthquake, attack, car accident, emergency, etc., their chances of escaping will be more than 20 times higher than ordinary people.
“跑酷”最初由越战中的法国士兵们发起，2002年在英国开始盛行，后来法国的大卫·贝尔（David Belle）把它发扬光大。法国电影Banlieue13（暴力街区13区）即是展示PARKOUR街头文化，主角David Belle是LE PARKOUR运动的创始人之一。
Parkour was initially initiated by French soldiers during the Vietnam War and became popular in the UK in 2002. Later, David Belle from France further developed it. The French film Banlieue13 (Violent District 13) showcases PARKOUR street culture, with the protagonist David Belle being one of the founders of the LE PARKOUR movement.
跑酷即Parkour（或Le Parkour），有时简写为PK，常被归类为是一种极限运动，以日常生活的环境（多为城市）为运动的场所。它并没有既定规则，做这项运动的人只是将各种日常设施当作障碍物或辅助，在其间跑跳穿行。目前有多种中文译法，除“跑酷”外，还有“暴酷”、“城市疾走”、“位移的艺术（l'art du déplacement）”。香港译作 “飞跃道”。 [1]
Parkour (or Le Parkour), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is often classified as an extreme sport that takes place in everyday environments (mostly cities) for exercise. It does not have established rules, and people who engage in this sport only use various daily facilities as obstacles or aids, running, jumping, and traversing between them. There are currently multiple Chinese translations, in addition to "parkour", there are also "explosive cool", "urban brisk walking", and "displacement art (l'art du d é placement)". Translated as "Leap Forward Road" in Hong Kong. [1]
创始人
founder
城市疾走创办人是David Belle，他出生在法国。小时候常喜欢在学校的屋顶上跑跑跳跳。他的父亲是一位军人，他受到父亲的启发，进而开创出Parkour这种运动。主演过电影Banlieue13（暴力街区13区）眼下进军演艺圈。
The founder of City Walk is David Belle, who was born in France. When I was a child, I often liked to run and jump on the roof of the school. His father was a soldier, and he was inspired by his father to create the Parkour movement. Starring in the movie Banlieue13 (Violent District 13), now entering the entertainment industry.
Sebastian Foucan，法国人和同年好友David Belle开发出 Parkour 的理念。他们创造出新的一种生活方式。他受到了亚洲哲学的影响，决定要将本身的信念，从对抗负面的力量，转换成“像水一样的流动”。他之后选择用自己的信念，开创出新的哲学。而这个立点是建立在自由的理念上。他一直在传达他自己的哲学并推广Parkour这项运动，已经成为了Parkour 这项运动的国际代言人之一。Sebastien 说过：没有人开发什么，你是被启发，而且你有的时候还能够提升你自己。他是建立Parkour思想的开创人。YAMAKASI曾经是David Belle 待过的团队，但是后来因为意见不合，结果便离开了这个团队，YAMAKASI是萨伊的班图语，意思是探索人类潜能激发身体与心灵极限的一种哲学他们想成为心智坚定身体强健的强者。对Yamakasi成立的动机，邵说，那是天生的、自然而然的，他们七个人小时候就认识，当时他们一起玩、一起跑跳，便约定试着去探索体能的极限。劳伦也表示，他们进行这样的体能训练只是想变得更强壮、保护家人，而不是想和别人打架。 [1]
Sebastian Foucan， French and same year friend David Belle developed the concept of Parkour. They have created a new way of life. He was influenced by Asian philosophy and decided to transform his beliefs from fighting against negative forces to 'flowing like water'. He later chose to use his own beliefs to create a new philosophy. And this stance is based on the concept of freedom. He has been conveying his own philosophy and promoting Parkour, and has become one of the international spokespersons for Parkour. Sebastien once said: No one develops anything, you are inspired, and sometimes you can even improve yourself. He is the founder of Parkour's ideas. YAMAKASI was once a team that David Belle worked for, but later left due to disagreements. YAMAKASI is a Bantu language of Say, meaning a philosophy of exploring human potential and unleashing physical and mental limits. They want to become mentally strong and physically strong. The motivation behind Yamakasi's establishment, Shao said, was innate and natural. The seven of them had known each other since childhood, and when they played and ran and jumped together, they agreed to explore the limits of their physical abilities. Lauren also stated that they only engage in such physical training to become stronger and protect their family, rather than to fight with others. [1]
跑酷的分支
Branch of parkour
freerunning又叫自由飞跃，是一种类似体操武术变种的高难度极限运动。与跑酷可以说是师出同门，但是比跑酷又多了些空翻，旋转动作，高难度花样动作
Freerunning, also known as free leap, is a high difficulty extreme sport similar to a variation of gymnastics and martial arts. It can be said that they are from the same school as parkour, but they have some more flips, rotations, and difficult fancy moves than parkour
freerunning与跑酷同出一辙，不同的是加入了空翻，可以利用空翻穿越障碍、速降，以及在平地进行特技表演；但很多人都会把freerunning和跑酷的概念混淆，于是这个问题也是国内的一个争议。也随着parkour在国内迅速的发展，风格也不在parkour和freerunning中拘束，也繁衍出各类parkour风格。
Freerunning is similar to parkour, but with the addition of somersaults that allow for obstacle crossing, rapid descent, and stunt performances on flat ground; But many people confuse the concepts of freerunning and parkour, so this issue is also a controversy in China. With the rapid development of parkour in China, styles are no longer restricted by parkour and freerunning, and various parkour styles have also emerged.
创始人大卫·贝尔充满了霸气！玩的就是高楼之间飞来飞去速降高手！之后又分纯跑酷和花样式跑酷！纯跑酷代表人物有丹尼尔（DanielMarcusIlabaca）等。而花样跑酷以空翻为主。代表人物有达米恩沃尔特斯（Damien Walters）等。然后又分了好几种风格。比如把街舞融到跑酷中等自创风格。
Founder David Bell is full of dominance! Playing is like flying back and forth between high-rise buildings and becoming a master of rapid descent! Afterwards, it was divided into pure parkour and flower style parkour! Representative figures of pure parkour include Daniel Marcus Ilabaca. And patterned parkour mainly relies on backflips. Representative figures include Damien Walters and others. Then it was divided into several styles. For example, integrating street dance into parkour and other self created styles.
1902年5月8日马提尼克岛火山迸发，3万多人丧生，但由当时法国军官赫伯特带领的500名士兵全部脱险。事后赫伯特开发一套训练方法用来建立自我的运动能力提升和对抗负面的自然力量，并将其称为Le-parcours。
On May 8, 1902, a volcano erupted on Martinique Island, killing over 30000 people, but all 500 soldiers led by French officer Herbert were rescued. Afterwards, Herbert developed a training method to enhance his physical abilities and combat negative natural forces, which he called Le parcours.
神奇的马提尼克岛，居历史记载，这座小岛是一个可以让人长高的地方，据说一个成年人去这岛上生活6-8个月，就可以长高8-11厘米，岛上女人的平均身高都有178cm，男人平均身高188-192cm左右。意想不到的事情。赫伯特离开马提尼克岛，把自然训练法则（le-parcours）带进了法国体育学院，但不受待见，因为需要大批大型障碍才能进行训练，但是这些障碍却成了20世纪初期游乐场设计的雏形和灵感来源。
The magical island of Martinique, according to historical records, is a place where people can grow taller. It is said that an adult living on this island for 6-8 months can grow 8-11 centimeters tall. The average height of women on the island is 178cm, and the average height of men is around 188-192cm. Unexpected things. Herbert left Martinique and brought the natural training rules (le parcours) to the French sports academy, but they were not well received because they required a large number of large obstacles for training. However, these obstacles became the prototype and inspiration for amusement park design in the early 20th century.
法国消防队。赫伯特的训练体系被法国消防队吸收，10多年后他们成为了整个国家的英雄，当时的法国消防队员不但处理火灾，更要像特种兵一样处理恐怖事件，雷蒙德·贝尔就是其中的优秀成员。
French fire brigade. Herbert's training system was absorbed by the French fire brigade, and more than 10 years later they became heroes of the entire country. At that time, French firefighters not only dealt with fires, but also had to deal with terrorist incidents like special forces soldiers, and Raymond Bell was an excellent member of them.
雷蒙德·贝尔在法国消防队服役并且成为了城市英雄，受到所有市民崇拜，包括他的儿子大卫·贝尔。他在父亲的引导下接受自然训练法则的打磨，同时学习武术和体操。
Raymond Bell served in the French fire brigade and became a city hero, revered by all citizens, including his son David Bell. Under his father's guidance, he underwent the refinement of natural training laws while learning martial arts and gymnastics.
1985年大卫全家搬到法国里斯，他在那结识了福冈并开始一起练习le-parcours，后来与表哥chau belle、yann等几个朋友组成了著名的yamakasi 。le-parcours在法国里斯开始疯狂发展，开始只是几个人在楼房上跳来跳去，后来发展大街小巷。1992年法国导演吕克贝松想拍关于这项运动的电影，但因为技术限制直到1997年才出现《yamakasi》这部电影，中译企业战士 。
In 1985, David's family moved to Lise, France, where he met Fukuoka and began practicing le parcours together. Later, he formed the famous Yamakasi with his cousin Chau Belle, Yann, and several other friends. Le parcours began to develop wildly in Lise, France. At first, it was just a few people jumping around buildings, but later it developed into streets and alleys. In 1992, French director Luc Besson wanted to make a film about this sport, but due to technological limitations, it was not until 1997 that the movie "Yamakasi" was released, translated as "Enterprise Warrior" in Chinese.
由于《企业战士》剧情是身怀绝技的几个人去偷钱救一个小孩儿，大卫.贝尔因此反对出演，也因为这个原因他正式退出yamakasi，并于1997年年末正式将le-parcours改名为parkour，去掉le和s，表示动作需要更简洁流畅，c改成k表示这项运动将更具机动性，yamakasi拍电影了，大卫和福冈还在里斯训练 。
Due to the plot of "Enterprise Warriors" featuring several skilled individuals stealing money to save a child, David Bell opposed the role and officially withdrew from Yamakasi for this reason. In late 1997, he officially changed the name of "le parcos" to "parkour", removing "le" and "s" to indicate that the movements needed to be more concise and smooth, and changing "c" to "k" to indicate that the sport would be more mobile. Yamakasi was filming a movie, and David and Fukuoka were still training in Reese.
1999年福冈希望这项运动更具创造力和表现力，而不是大卫提倡的流畅和简单实用。因为这个原因福冈离开了大卫，把parkour带到了英国并将其称为freerunning，开始这确实就是一项运动有2个名字，但是因为freerun理念在英国被很多年轻人接受，后来完全发展成了另外一项运动并蔓延到整个欧洲。
In 1999, Fukuoka hoped that this sport would be more creative and expressive, rather than the fluid and simple practicality advocated by David. For this reason, Fukuoka left David and brought parkour to the UK, calling it freerunning. At first, it was indeed a sport with two names, but because the freerunning concept was accepted by many young people in the UK, it later developed into another sport and spread throughout Europe.
2003年吕克贝松打算再次拍摄关于parkour的极限运动电影，在众多的人选中，他一眼就看到了大卫·贝尔，据吕克贝松自述：他有一种不一样的气场，我一看到他就知道他会胜过所有人，并且是这部电影的唯一人选。2004年大卫·贝尔主演的《banlieue13》风靡全球，2005年引入中国，译《暴力街区》 。
In 2003, Luc Besson planned to make another extreme sports movie about parkour. Among the many people who chose him, he immediately saw David Bell. According to Luc Besson's own account, he had a different aura, and as soon as I saw him, I knew he would surpass everyone else and be the only choice for this movie. In 2004, David Bell starred in "banlieue 13" which became popular worldwide. In 2005, it was introduced to China and translated into "Violent Street".
2006年parkour因为《暴力街区》在中国引起关注，并开始出现大批爱好者，parkour中译跑酷。同年，跑酷在中国还是一个概念，而世界著名的英国跑酷团队parkourgenerations已经成为了欧洲和亚太地区跑酷爱好者的首选，并且拿到了2012年伦敦奥运会的入场卷，他们在开幕式上进行跑酷演出。
In 2006, parkour gained attention in China due to "Violent Street" and began to attract a large number of enthusiasts, with parkour being translated as parkour in Chinese. In the same year, parkour was still a concept in China, and the world-renowned British parkour team Parkourgenesis had become the first choice for parkour enthusiasts in Europe and the Asia Pacific region, and had secured admission to the 2012 London Olympics. They performed parkour at the opening ceremony.
跑酷由此在中国引燃。
Parkour ignited in China as a result.
在中国的现状
The current situation in China
2006年，跑酷运动进入中国，并开始在中国推广。跑酷不仅是门运动的艺术，它的热衷者更愿把它看成是一种青年亚文化所倡导生活方式，跑跳攀爬中的自由灵魂在运动中无限伸展。在中国，喜欢跑酷的人越来越多。据中国极限运动协会统计：全国共有150余家有组织的跑酷俱乐部，从事这项运动的民间运动员已达到10万多人，并保持着强劲的增长势头。“首届全国极限跑酷大赛”于2009年10月31日-11月1日，在北京蓝色港湾举行。它是结合运动、音乐、时尚为一体的时尚体育赛事。作为国内唯一官方认定的极限跑酷赛事，它将承载着更重大的意义：将民间的、自由的、无组织的极限跑酷运动，发展成为正规的、有组织的体育项目，并使之能够广泛传播，被社会大众所认可。同时，要通过举办体育赛事的平台，将跑酷运动中所蕴含的健康向上、充满信心、勇于挑战、克服困难的运动态度和生活理念传播开来，倡导自由、健康、积极的生活方式。
In 2006, parkour entered China and began to be promoted there. Parkour is not only an art form of sports, but its enthusiasts prefer to see it as a lifestyle advocated by youth subcultures, where the free soul of running, jumping, and climbing stretches infinitely during exercise. More and more people in China enjoy parkour. According to the statistics of the China Extreme Sports Association, there are over 150 organized parkour clubs nationwide, with more than 100000 civilian athletes engaged in this sport and maintaining a strong growth momentum. The first National Extreme Parkour Competition was held from October 31 to November 1, 2009, at the Blue Harbor in Beijing. It is a fashionable sports event that combines sports, music, and fashion. As the only officially recognized extreme parkour event in China, it will carry greater significance: developing the folk, free, and unorganized extreme parkour sport into a formal and organized sports project, and enabling it to be widely spread and recognized by the general public. At the same time, through the platform of hosting sports events, we should spread the healthy, confident, daring to challenge, and overcoming difficulties attitude and life philosophy contained in parkour, advocating for a free, healthy, and positive lifestyle.
跑酷运动在中国的发展很迅速，由于这项运动的性质和运动特点决定了它的练习者绝大部分是青少年，通过调查发现其中主要是自由工作者、公司白领和学生为主。主要有以社团、俱乐部等基本形式存在。活动形式分为两种，一种是自发组织的训练、表演、比赛等，实现的跑酷运动发展的多样性和持续性，另一种是由国家、商业、广告等组织的竞技比赛，这增大了跑酷运动影响，为跑酷运动注入了活力，为跑酷运动的发展起到了宣传作用。
The development of parkour in China is very rapid. Due to the nature and characteristics of this sport, the vast majority of its practitioners are teenagers. Through investigation, it was found that the main players are freelancers, white-collar workers, and students. It mainly exists in basic forms such as clubs and societies. There are two forms of activities, one is spontaneously organized training, performances, competitions, etc., to achieve diversity and sustainability in the development of parkour sports, and the other is competitive competitions organized by the state, commerce, advertising, etc., which increases the influence of parkour sports, injects vitality into parkour sports, and plays a promotional role in the development of parkour sports.
跑酷运动在中国的前景分析
Analysis of the Prospect of Parkour Sports in China
1. 大众体育跑酷运动的前景：在城市中，城市的公园，废弃的工厂等都可以成为跑酷运动的场地。在农村中，一些房屋，田间沟壑，树木等也都可以作为跑酷运动的场所。因地制宜，降低一些跑酷运动的一些难度动作，让更多的人参与进来，打好跑酷运动的群众基础。考虑到练习者的安全问题，以及实施的保护设施、防护设施、保护手段等因素，形成固定的、规范的跑酷场地，将是该运动发展的必要条件。其提供的安全保障和手段，也是跑酷运动快速的发展前提。
1. The prospect of mass sports parkour: In cities, parks, abandoned factories, etc. can all become venues for parkour sports. In rural areas, some houses, ravines in fields, trees, etc. can also be used as places for parkour sports. Adapt measures to local conditions, reduce the difficulty of some parkour movements, and encourage more people to participate, laying a solid mass foundation for parkour sports. Considering the safety issues of practitioners, as well as the implementation of protective facilities, equipment, and methods, forming a fixed and standardized parkour field will be a necessary condition for the development of this sport. The safety guarantee and means provided by it are also the prerequisite for the rapid development of parkour sports.
2. 大学体育中跑酷运动的前景：如果说大学中的体育场馆，能够给跑酷运动提供场地，那么广大的青年学生则是该运动的最坚定的执行者。体操器械作为练习辅助和保护设施。更多的是向体操教师请教空翻、腾跃等动作的要领和技巧。体操教师转变为跑酷运动教练，为跑酷运动在学校发展提供了理论和技术保证，当然也可以聘请一些跑酷教练来担任教学任务。
2. The prospect of parkour in university sports: If sports venues in universities can provide venues for parkour, then young students are the most determined executors of this sport. Gymnastics equipment serves as practice aids and protective facilities. More often than not, I seek advice from gymnastics teachers on the essentials and techniques of somersaults, jumps, and other movements. The transformation of gymnastics teachers into parkour coaches provides theoretical and technical support for the development of parkour in schools, and of course, some parkour coaches can also be hired to undertake teaching tasks.
3. 竞技体育中跑酷运动的前景：跑酷运动发展较晚，
3. The prospect of parkour in competitive sports: Parkour developed relatively late,
3. 竞技体育中跑酷运动的前景：跑酷运动发展较晚，传入我国的时间也很短。跑酷运动中的动作分类要明确、动作要规范，形成完善的评分制度，这是形成竞技体育的基本条件，另外积极争取国家政策的支持，以及增加跑酷运动赛事和加大宣传力度，也是跑酷运动向竞技体育发展的重要因素。跑酷运动的基本动作与练习方法、动作规格和评分等与体操很相似，跑酷运动如果能和蹦床运动一样融入到体操的大家庭中，这也无疑是跑酷运动的竞技发展的另一出路。
3. The prospect of parkour in competitive sports: Parkour developed relatively late and was introduced to China for a short period of time. The classification of movements in parkour sports should be clear, movements should be standardized, and a complete scoring system should be formed. This is the basic condition for the formation of competitive sports. In addition, actively seeking support from national policies, increasing parkour sports events and publicity efforts are also important factors for the development of parkour sports into competitive sports. The basic movements and practice methods, movement specifications, and scoring of parkour are very similar to gymnastics. If parkour can be integrated into the gymnastics family like trampoline, it will undoubtedly be another way for the competitive development of parkour.
跑酷运动发展结论与建议
Conclusion and Suggestions on the Development of Parkour Sports
结论：
Conclusion:
1. 跑酷运动的运动特点对练习者的年龄和身体条件的限制，缺乏大众参与，缺少广大群众基础。
The sports characteristics of parkour are limited by the age and physical condition of the practitioners, lacking public participation and a broad mass base.
2. 跑酷运动虽然不受场地的制约，但是其安全问题制约了它的发展和普及。
Although parkour is not limited by the venue, its safety issues have hindered its development and popularity.
3. 它的动作规范和评分制度还不完善，在竞技体育这条路还有很长的路要走。
3. Its action standards and scoring system are not yet perfect, and there is still a long way to go in competitive sports.
建议：
Suggestion:
1. 因地制宜，根据不同训练者的情况，降低动作难度，减少动作的危险程度和扩大练习者的年龄层次，为跑酷运动打下群众基础。
1. Tailored to local conditions, reduce the difficulty and danger of movements according to the situation of different trainers, and expand the age range of practitioners, laying a mass foundation for parkour sports.
2. 增加诸多保护设施，并形成跑酷运动特有的练习场地，打消参与者的后顾之忧和害怕心理，使更多的人参与进来，加速跑酷运动发展和普及。
2. Increase various protective facilities and create a unique practice area for parkour sports, dispelling participants' worries and fears, and encouraging more people to participate, accelerating the development and popularization of parkour sports.
3. 规范跑酷运动的动作，形成科学系统的练习方法和完善的比赛制度，加快跑酷运动在竞技体育中的发展。
3. Standardize the movements of parkour, establish a scientific and systematic practice method, and improve the competition system to accelerate the development of parkour in competitive sports.
