自2001年起，新的《全日制义务教育音乐课程标准(实验稿)》在中小学全面实施，这为中小学音乐教育带来了新的活力与生机，同时也使其面临着前所未有的挑战与变革。高师音乐教育专业是培养中小学音乐教师的摇篮，它培养出来的学生质量直接关系到基础教育的成败。所以，高师音乐教育专业为顺应中小学音乐教育的发展，必须要更新观念、转变思想，确立新的教育目标及教学模式，改革自身，使其不断完善，为基础教育做出更大的贡献。声乐学科是高师音乐教育专业的主要课程之一，同时也是中小学音乐教师所必需掌握的基本功之一。所以，高师音乐教育专业改革必然包括声乐学科教学的改革。
Since 2001, the new "Full time Compulsory Education Music Curriculum Standards (Experimental Draft)" have been fully implemented in primary and secondary schools, bringing new vitality and vigor to music education in primary and secondary schools, while also facing unprecedented challenges and changes. The music education major in normal universities is the cradle for cultivating music teachers in primary and secondary schools, and the quality of the students it cultivates directly affects the success or failure of basic education. Therefore, in order to adapt to the development of music education in primary and secondary schools, the music education major in normal universities must update its concepts, transform its thinking, establish new educational goals and teaching models, reform itself, continuously improve it, and make greater contributions to basic education. Vocal music is one of the main courses in music education majors in normal universities, and it is also one of the basic skills that primary and secondary school music teachers must master. Therefore, the reform of music education majors in normal universities will inevitably include the reform of vocal music teaching.
目前，在我国的高师声乐教学中，教师仍是课堂的主宰者和声乐技能的传授者。在教学过程中，有些教师容易忽视学生的主动性，尤其轻视学生创造能力的培养。声乐大课以理论讲授为主，小课则以个别技能传授为主。传授的内容一般围绕本专业知识的深度和难度，较少涉及相关知识和顾及学生的兴趣、需要、感受。这样的教学是不能培养出作为基础教育工作者从事声乐教学活动所应具备的“综合能力”的。正因为此，高师声乐教学必须改革。
At present, in vocal music teaching in normal universities in China, teachers are still the masters of the classroom and the transmitters of vocal skills. In the teaching process, some teachers tend to overlook students' initiative, especially the cultivation of their creativity. Vocal courses mainly focus on theoretical lectures, while small courses mainly teach individual skills. The content taught generally revolves around the depth and difficulty of the professional knowledge, with less involvement of related knowledge and consideration of students' interests, needs, and feelings. This kind of teaching cannot cultivate the "comprehensive abilities" that basic education workers should possess when engaging in vocal teaching activities. Because of this, vocal music teaching in normal universities must be reformed.
在“新课标”中，基础音乐教育的理念有了很大变化，以音乐审美为核心、以兴趣爱好为动力，面向全体学生、注重个性发展、鼓励音乐创造等，以此理念为指导，培养出具有完美人格的学生，使学生在获得音乐文化知识技能的同时，在心理品格、生理健康等方面全面、和谐地发展。笔者以为，高师声乐教学应以此为目标，为培养出具有这样先进理念和能力的音乐教师而努力改革。
In the "New Curriculum Standards", the concept of basic music education has undergone significant changes, with music aesthetics as the core, interests and hobbies as the driving force, aimed at all students, emphasizing personality development, encouraging music creation, etc. Guided by this concept, students with perfect personalities are cultivated, enabling them to develop comprehensively and harmoniously in terms of psychological character, physical health, and other aspects while acquiring music culture knowledge and skills. The author believes that vocal music teaching in normal universities should aim to cultivate music teachers with such advanced concepts and abilities, and strive for reform.
首先，转变教育思想、更新教育观念。“新课标”理念要求高师声乐教学不能仅仅是一种单纯教授音乐知识和技艺的纯技术课程，而是要培养和提高学生对音乐的感悟、表现和创造的基本素质和能力；培养学生的基本文化素养，使之具备作为教师进行声乐教学所必备的基本技能和素质的课程。为此，声乐教师必须转变教育思想、更新教育观念。将着眼点从单纯的“育才”转变为“育人”；从只关注声乐演唱技能的传授，到同时关注学生的身心健康与心理需求，关注学生未来所从事音乐教育教学的需要和音乐审美能力与创新能力的培养。
Firstly, transform educational ideas and update educational concepts. The concept of the "New Curriculum Standards" requires that vocal music teaching in normal universities should not be just a pure technical course that simply teaches music knowledge and skills, but should cultivate and improve students' basic qualities and abilities in music perception, expression, and creation; A course that cultivates students' basic cultural literacy and equips them with the essential skills and qualities necessary for teaching vocal music as teachers. Therefore, vocal music teachers must change their educational ideas and update their educational concepts. Shift the focus from simply "nurturing talents" to "educating people"; From solely focusing on the teaching of vocal singing skills, to simultaneously paying attention to students' physical and mental health and psychological needs, as well as their future needs in music education and teaching, and the cultivation of music aesthetic and innovative abilities.
其次，尊重客观规律、鼓励个性发展。高师声乐小课一般采用一对一的上课形式，声乐教师要了解每一位学生的性格、品质、接受能力、学习态度、嗓音特点和发展可能，进行因材施教，促进每位学生的个性发展。针对不同的学生选择不同的发声练习与演唱曲目。
Secondly, respect objective laws and encourage individual development. Vocal lessons in normal universities generally adopt a one-on-one teaching format. Vocal teachers need to understand each student's personality, qualities, acceptance ability, learning attitude, voice characteristics, and development possibilities, and tailor teaching to their individual needs to promote the development of each student's personality. Choose different vocal exercises and singing songs for different students.
其次，尊重客观规律、鼓励个性发展。高师声乐小课一般采用一对一的上课形式，声乐教师要了解每一位学生的性格、品质、接受能力、学习态度、嗓音特点和发展可能，进行因材施教，促进每位学生的个性发展。针对不同的学生选择不同的发声练习与演唱曲目。对待条件好、基础好的学生，要善于引导，给予鼓励，使他们的才智得以施展，专业能力上“更上一层楼”；对于条件差、基础差的学生要耐心细致，帮助他们建立信心、取得进步。
Secondly, respect objective laws and encourage individual development. Vocal lessons in normal universities generally adopt a one-on-one teaching format. Vocal teachers need to understand each student's personality, qualities, acceptance ability, learning attitude, voice characteristics, and development possibilities, and tailor teaching to their individual needs to promote the development of each student's personality. Choose different vocal exercises and singing songs for different students. To treat students with good conditions and a solid foundation, we should be good at guiding and encouraging them, so that their talents can be displayed and their professional abilities can be further improved; For students with poor conditions and foundations, we should be patient and meticulous, helping them build confidence and make progress.
再次，提高教学能力、创新教学模式。声乐教学既是一门科学也是一门艺术。多年来，声乐教学一直以“师父带徒弟”的传统方式一对一地教学。教师凭自己的教学、演唱经验进行启发、引导、“传艺”；学生通过理解、模仿、感悟去接受歌唱技能的传授，主观能动性得不到积极的发挥，教学中不能产生师生互动。这种教学模式与“新课标”的要求已不相吻合，与中小学音乐课中声乐教学的实际需要不相适应。高师声乐教学不是培养具有高深技能的歌唱家，而是培养具有基本歌唱能力，能用美的歌声来净化心灵、陶冶情操的基础音乐教育工作者。因此，在声乐教学中，教师除了对学生进行严格的歌唱基本功训练以外，更重要的是引领学生进入声乐作品内部，感受美、体验美；教师针对某一知识点，要善于挖掘与之相关或声乐以外的知识给予补充，扩大学生的知识面，对学生的创造性思维要给予积极的肯定，并进行鼓励、引导；同时，教师自身也要不断提高对声乐技能、音乐要素的准确而敏锐的辨别和表现能力，这样才能对学生的演唱做出正确的评价和必要的纠正。
Again, improve teaching ability and innovate teaching modes. Vocal teaching is both a science and an art. For many years, vocal teaching has been taught one-on-one in the traditional way of "master apprentice". Teachers inspire, guide, and pass on their teaching and singing experience; Students receive the teaching of singing skills through understanding, imitation, and perception, but their subjective initiative is not actively utilized, and teacher-student interaction cannot be generated in teaching. This teaching model is no longer in line with the requirements of the "new curriculum standard" and is not suitable for the actual needs of vocal teaching in primary and secondary school music classes. Vocal teaching in normal universities is not about cultivating singers with advanced skills, but about cultivating basic music educators with basic singing abilities who can purify the soul and cultivate emotions with beautiful singing. Therefore, in vocal music teaching, in addition to providing students with strict training in basic singing skills, it is more important for teachers to guide students into the interior of vocal works, feel and experience beauty; Teachers should be good at exploring relevant or non vocal knowledge to supplement a certain knowledge point, expand students' knowledge, give positive recognition to students' creative thinking, and encourage and guide them; At the same time, teachers themselves should constantly improve their accurate and sharp discernment and expression ability of vocal skills and musical elements, so as to make correct evaluations and necessary corrections to students' singing.
最后，塑造完美人格、实现和谐教育。高师音乐教育专业的毕业生，其身份定位是从事基础音乐教育的教师，良好的师德修养和高尚的人格魅力对其教学效果是有很大影响的。因此，高师声乐教师既要教学生唱歌，又要教学生做人。在声乐小课教学中，师生的关系往往较亲近，教师对学生的影响力较大，所以，教师自身人格魅力的塑造尤显重要。
Finally, shaping a perfect personality and achieving harmonious education. Graduates of music education majors in normal universities are positioned as teachers engaged in basic music education. Good professional ethics and noble personality charm have a great impact on their teaching effectiveness. Therefore, vocal teachers in normal universities should not only teach students how to sing, but also how to be a good person. In vocal music teaching, the relationship between teachers and students is often close, and teachers have a greater influence on students. Therefore, the shaping of teachers' own personality charm is particularly important.
音乐教师的个人职业道德、心理素质和专业素质，不仅有利于增强教师魅力、协调师生关系，还是有力的教育因素和教育力量。只有教师对音乐的浓厚兴趣才能感染、启发学生对音乐的爱好，只有教师具有创造意识，才能培养学生的创造能力和创新精神；教师的个人情感体现在教学中就会满怀激情地用感情去启发、感染学生，引导学生在音乐的海洋里领悟音乐的真谛；教师的个人意志表现在工作中克服困难的心理过程和行为中。那种不屈不挠、坚韧不拔的精神，往往会成为学生的楷
The personal professional ethics, psychological and professional qualities of music teachers are not only conducive to enhancing their charm and coordinating teacher-student relationships, but also powerful educational factors and forces. Only with a strong interest in music can teachers inspire and inspire students' love for music. Only with a creative mindset can teachers cultivate students' creativity and innovative spirit; Teachers' personal emotions are reflected in their teaching, inspiring and infecting students with passion, guiding them to understand the true meaning of music in the ocean of music; The personal will of teachers is manifested in the psychological process and behavior of overcoming difficulties in their work. The indomitable and persevering spirit often becomes the students' regular script
音乐教师的个人职业道德、心理素质和专业素质，不仅有利于增强教师魅力、协调师生关系，还是有力的教育因素和教育力量。只有教师对音乐的浓厚兴趣才能感染、启发学生对音乐的爱好，只有教师具有创造意识，才能培养学生的创造能力和创新精神；教师的个人情感体现在教学中就会满怀激情地用感情去启发、感染学生，引导学生在音乐的海洋里领悟音乐的真谛；教师的个人意志表现在工作中克服困难的心理过程和行为中。那种不屈不挠、坚韧不拔的精神，往往会成为学生的楷模，去促进学生克服学习上的困难。教师不仅要在声乐教学课堂上，通过声乐教学去渗透思想教育方面的内容，使学生在声乐学习的音乐审美中潜移默化地认知真善美，使心灵得到净化、思想得到升华；课后，作为教师更要努力提高自身的政治思想品质，加强自我教育、自我改造、自我锻炼、自我提高，做到处处是模范，事事皆表率，用自己的人格去影响和塑造学生的人格。教师要学会关爱、学会理解、学会宽容、学会给予、学会分享、学会选择、学会激励、学会合作、学会创新……在提高自身全面素质的同时，成为学生学习的组织者、参与者、帮助者、引导者和促进者。
The personal professional ethics, psychological and professional qualities of music teachers are not only conducive to enhancing their charm and coordinating teacher-student relationships, but also powerful educational factors and forces. Only with a strong interest in music can teachers inspire and inspire students' love for music. Only with a creative mindset can teachers cultivate students' creativity and innovative spirit; Teachers' personal emotions are reflected in their teaching, inspiring and infecting students with passion, guiding them to understand the true meaning of music in the ocean of music; The personal will of teachers is manifested in the psychological process and behavior of overcoming difficulties in their work. The indomitable and persevering spirit often becomes a role model for students, promoting them to overcome learning difficulties. Teachers should not only infiltrate ideological education content through vocal teaching in vocal teaching classrooms, so that students can unconsciously recognize truth, goodness, and beauty in the music aesthetic of vocal learning, purify their hearts, and elevate their thoughts; After class, as a teacher, it is even more important to strive to improve one's own political and ideological qualities, strengthen self-education, self transformation, self exercise, and self improvement, and strive to be a role model everywhere and in everything, using one's own personality to influence and shape students' personalities. Teachers should learn to care, understand, tolerate, give, share, choose, motivate, cooperate, and innovate... While improving their overall quality, they should also become organizers, participants, helpers, guides, and facilitators of students' learning.
我国基础教育新的课程体系已进入全面实施阶段，高师的声乐教学改革也已进行多年。教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来。新课标的实施正是顺应形势的需要，高师应做基础教育改革的坚强后盾，高师声乐教学课程改革是高师音乐课程改革的重要部分，是适应新课标要求培养合格师资的重要举措。为此，作为声乐教师要积极参与，与时俱进，在改革的旗帜下共创高师声乐教育的好未来，更好地服务于基础音乐教育。
The new curriculum system of basic education in our country has entered the stage of comprehensive implementation, and the reform of vocal teaching in normal universities has also been carried out for many years. Education should be oriented towards modernization, the world, and the future. The implementation of the new curriculum standards is in line with the needs of the situation. Normal universities should serve as a strong support for basic education reform. The reform of vocal music teaching courses in normal universities is an important part of music curriculum reform and an important measure to cultivate qualified teachers to meet the requirements of the new curriculum standards. Therefore, as a vocal teacher, we should actively participate, keep up with the times, and create a good future for vocal education in normal universities under the banner of reform, in order to better serve basic music education.
