Alcatraz (English: Alcatraz [ˈælkəˌtræz], translated from Spanish as “gannet”), also known as The Rock (English: The Rock) is an island in San Francisco Bay. Administratively belongs to the state of California. The surface area is 8,903 hectares (22 acres). From November 1969 to June 1971, the island was occupied by a group of San Francisco Indians who were part of a wave of Native American activism throughout the United States, and there were massive protests in the 1970s. Alcatraz became a national recreation area in 1972 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.